Bank Transfer Day
Bank Transfer Day was a consumer activism initiative calling for a voluntary switch from commercial banks to not-for-profit credit unions by November 5, 2011. As of October 15, 2011, a Facebook page devoted to the effort had drawn more than 54.90 ...
Deindustrialisation by country
Deindustrialisation refers to the process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region, especially heavy industry or manufacturing industry. It is the opposite of indus ...
Deindustrialization
De-industrialization is a process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region, especially of heavy industry or manufacturing industry. It is the opposite of industrial ...
Economic calculation problem
The economic calculation problem is a criticism of using economic planning as a substitute for market-based allocation of the factors of production. It was first proposed by Ludwig von Mises in his 1920 article "Economic Calculation in the Social ...
Economic impact of HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS affects economic growth by reducing the availability of human capital. Without proper prevention, nutrition, health care and medicine that is available in developing countries, large numbers of people are falling victim to AIDS. People l ...
Economic mobility
Economic mobility is the ability of an individual, family or some other group to improve their economic status - usually measured in income. Economic mobility is often measured by movement between income quintiles. Economic mobility may be consid ...
Escape from Affluenza
Escape from Affluenza is a 1998 PBS 56-minute documentary film produced as a sequel to the 1997 documentary Affluenza. While the original concentrates on affluenza--consumerism and materialism in modern society, the sequel focuses on how to avoid ...
Government failure
Government failure, in the context of public economics, is an economic inefficiency caused by a government intervention, if the inefficiency would not exist in a true free market. It can be viewed in contrast to a market failure, which is an econ ...
Innovation butterfly
The innovation butterfly is a metaphor that describes how seemingly minor perturbations to project plans in a system connecting markets, demand, product features, and a firms capabilities can steer the project, or an entire portfolio of projects, ...
Involuntary unemployment
Involuntary unemployment occurs when a person is willing to work at the prevailing wage yet is unemployed. Involuntary unemployment is distinguished from voluntary unemployment, where workers choose not to work because their reservation wage is h ...
Market fundamentalism
Market fundamentalism, also known as free-market fundamentalism, is a term applied to a strong belief in the ability of unregulated laissez-faire or free-market capitalist policies to solve most economic and social problems. The expression was po ...
Medical debt
Medical debt refers to debt incurred by individuals due to health care costs and related expenses. Medical debt is different from other forms of debt, because it is usually incurred accidentally or faultlessly. People do not plan to fall ill or h ...
Middle-class squeeze
The middle-class squeeze is the situation where increases in wages fail to keep up with inflation for middle-income earners leading to a relative decline in real wages, while at the same time, the phenomenon fails to have a similar effect on the ...
Economic oppression
Economic oppression may take several forms, including the practice of bonded labour in some parts of India; serfdom; forced labour; low wages; denial of equal opportunity; practicing employment discrimination; and economic discrimination based on ...
Pandemic
A pandemic is a disease epidemic that has spread across a large region, for instance multiple continents, or worldwide. A widespread endemic disease with a stable number of infected people is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclu ...
Retail apocalypse
The retail apocalypse is the closing of numerous North American brick-and-mortar retail stores, especially those of large chains, starting around 2010 and continuing onward. In 2019, US retailers announced 9.302 store closings, a 59% jump from 20 ...
Sacrifice zone
A sacrifice zone or sacrifice area is a geographic area that has been permanently impaired by environmental damage or economic disinvestment, often through locally unwanted land use. These zones are most commonly found in low-income and minority ...
Social stratification
Social stratification refers to societys categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, gender, occupation, and social status, or derived power. As such, stratification is the relativ ...
Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor
Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor is a classical political-economic argument, stating that in the advanced capitalist societies state policies assure that more resources flow to the rich than to the poor, for example in the form ...
Socialist calculation debate
The socialist calculation debate, sometimes known as the economic calculation debate, was a discourse on the subject of how a socialist economy would perform economic calculation given the absence of the law of value, money, financial prices for ...
Societal collapse
Societal collapse is the fall of a complex human society. Such a disintegration may be relatively abrupt, as in the case of Maya civilization, or gradual, as in the case of the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The subject of societal collapse is ...
Sunshine tax
Sunshine tax or "Paradise tax" is an ironic term used in the United States and Canada to describe the phenomenon that salaries are often lower than the national average, and costs of living higher than the national average, in places that have a ...
Uneconomic growth
Uneconomic growth, in human development theory, welfare economics, and some forms of ecological economics, is economic growth that reflects or creates a decline in the quality of life. The concept is attributed to leading ecological economist and ...
Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential
The Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential is published by the Union of International Associations. It is available online since 2000, and was previously available as a CD-ROM and as a three-volume book. The online Encyclopedia is cur ...
Economics of religion
The economics of religion concerns both the application of economic techniques to the study of religion and the relationship between economic and religious behaviours. The relationship between religion and economic behaviour was first identified ...
Buddhist economics
Buddhist economics is a spiritual and philosophical approach to the study of economics. It examines the psychology of the human mind and the emotions that direct economic activity, in particular concepts such as anxiety, aspirations and self-actu ...
Religious views on capitalism
Religious views on capitalism have been philosophically diverse, with numerous religious philosophers defending the natural right to property while simultaneously expressing criticism at the negative social effects of materialism and greed.
Laurence Iannaccone
Laurence Robert Iannaccone is a Professor of Economics at Chapman University, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Orange County, California. Before moving to Chapman in 2009 he was a Koch Professor of Economics at George Mason University. H ...
Jewish views of poverty, wealth and charity
Over the course of Jewish history, different attitudes have been held towards poverty and wealth. Unlike Christianity, in which some strands have viewed poverty as virtuous and desirable, Jews have generally viewed poverty negatively. Jacobs and ...
Tithe
A tithe is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash or cheques, whereas historically tithes were required and paid in ...
Economic sector
One classical breakdown of economic activity distinguishes three sectors: Tertiary: involves the supplying of services to consumers and businesses, such as baby-sitting, cinema and banking. A shopkeeper and an accountant would be workers in the t ...
Primary sector of the economy
The primary sector of the economy includes any industry involved in primary production, that is the extraction and collection of natural resources; such as farming, forestry, hunting, fishing and mining. The primary sector tends to make up a larg ...
Secondary sector of the economy
The secondary sector of the economy including industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction. This sector generally takes the output of the primary sector and manufactures finished goods or where they are suita ...
Tertiary sector of the economy
The service sector is the third of the three economic sectors of the three-sector theory. The others are the secondary sector, and the primary sector. The service sector consists of the production of services instead of end products. Services als ...
Quaternary sector of the economy
The quaternary sector is the label used to describe a knowledge-based part of the economy, which typically includes knowledge-oriented economic sectors such as information technology, media, research and development; information-based services su ...
Informal economy
An informal economy is the part of any economy that is neither taxed nor monitored by any form of government. Although the informal sector makes up a significant portion of the economies in developing countries, it is sometimes stigmatized as tro ...
Private sector
The private sector is the part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen sector, which is owned by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, rather than being owned by the State.
Three-sector model
The three-sector model in economics divides economies into three sectors of activity: extraction of raw materials, manufacturing, and services. According to the model, the main focus of an economys activity shifts from the primary, through the se ...
Unorganised sector (India)
The term unorganised sector when used in the Indian contexts defined by National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector, in their Report on Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the Unorganised Sector as ". consisting o ...
Voluntary sector
The voluntary sector or civic sector is the duty of social activity undertaken by organizations that are non-governmental nonprofit organizations. This sector is also called the third sector, community sector, and nonprofit sector, in contrast to ...
Economic system
An economic system, or economic order, is a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services within a society or a given geographic area. It includes the combination of the various institutions, agencies, entities, ...
Anarchy
Anarchy is the state of a society being freely constituted without authorities or a governing body. It may also refer to a society or group of people that totally rejects a set hierarchy. The word anarchy was first used in 1539, meaning "an absen ...
Authoritarian capitalism
Authoritarian capitalism, or illiberal capitalism, is an economic system in which a capitalist market economy exists alongside an authoritarian government. Related to and overlapping with state capitalism, a system in which the state undertakes c ...
Breadwinner model
The breadwinner model is a paradigm of family centered on a breadwinner, "the member of a family who earns the money to support the others". Traditionally, the earner works outside the home to provide the family with income and benefits such as h ...
Collective ownership
Collective ownership is the ownership of means of production by all members of a group for the benefit of all its members. The breadth or narrowness of the group can range from a whole society to a set of coworkers in a particular enterprise. In ...
Common ownership
Common ownership refers to holding the assets of an organization, enterprise or community indivisibly rather than in the names of the individual members or groups of members as common property. Forms of common ownership exist in every economic sy ...
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Commons-based peer production |
Comparative economic systems |
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Creative economy (economic system) |
Decentralized planning (economics) |
Deep state in Turkey |
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Digital economy |
Dirigisme |
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Distributed economy |
Dragon kill points |
Dual economy |
Dual-track economy |
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E2M |
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Economic democracy |
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Economic ideology |
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Economic planning |
Economy for the Common Good |
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Economy of the Iroquois |
Empowerment Experiment |
Enclave economy |
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Energy Systems Language |
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Family economy |
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Fei–Ranis model of economic growth |
FIRE economy |
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Fiscal-military state |
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Folkhemmet |
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Free price system |
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Gatekeeper state |
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Gift economy |
Hourglass economy |
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Hunter-gatherer |
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Inclusive Democracy |
Indicative planning |
International political economy |
Labor market segmentation |
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Lange model |
Loan closet |
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Manorialism |
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Market economy |
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Market system |
Material balance planning |
Memetic institutionalism |
Mixed economy |
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Natural economy |
Network economics |
Network economy |
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Non-monetary economy |
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Non-property system |
Nordic model |
Nulle terre sans seigneur |
One Village One Product movement |
Open manufacturing |
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Pancasila economics |
Participatory economics |
Pay what you want |
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Planned economy |
Planned liberalism |
Plantation economy |
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Platform economy |
Platform ecosystem |
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Political economy |
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Post-capitalism |
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Post-Fordism |
Post-industrial economy |
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Price system |
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Production for use |
Proprietism |
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State ownership |
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Real-time economy |
Rentier state |
Sabbath economics |
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Shortage economy |
Social welfare model |
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Socialism |
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Socialist mode of production |
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Socialist perspectives on abortion |
Socialist-oriented market economy |
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Social ownership |
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State capitalism |
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Steady-state economy |
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Subsistence economy |
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Systematic risk |
Systematic trading |
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Systemic risk |
To each according to his contribution |
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Traditional economy |
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Transition economy |
Unplanned economies |
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Vertical archipelago |
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Virtual economy |
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Welfare capitalism |
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Workers' self-management |
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World-system |
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World-systems theory |
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Archaeology of trade |
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Border trade |
Coastal coal-carrying trade of New So .. |
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Commerce |
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Commodity market |
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Trading company |
Countertrade |
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